Christopher Marlowe’s play, Edward the Second, is often regarded as the first epoch-making English chronicle or historical play. Although there were earlier attempts to create historical drama in England, these efforts appear “more like epic poem than dramatic composition, loosely constructed giving the entire life of a king or hero” (Theater history). It was in the hands of Christopher Marlowe that the chronicle play became fully realised. It was in Marlowe’s Edward the Second that:
The English history play was pulled up into the tenseness of true drama. The characters are bold and vivid, conceived amply as taking part in history. Here too is something of the power of Marlowe’s “Mighty line” and the skill which can portray great figure overborne by the consequences of his own folly. Edward II is the first fine historical drama in English language and aside from Shakespeare’s, tragedies, the, best in existence (Theater history).
Marlowe’s Edward the Second has been discussed earlier on. This unit will examine Shakespeare’s chronicle play in its ambivalent position on leadership.
Read also: A CRITICAL STUDY OF SHAKESPAREAN TRAGEDY
The Chronicle Play
The chronicle or historical play refers to the drama produced from the people’s history. Encyclopeadia Britannica’s Guide to Shakespeare states that “plays of this type lay emphasis on the public welfare by pointing to the past as a lesson for the present and the genre is often characterised by its assumption of a national consciousness in its audience”. This means that the chronicle play is a drama of intensely nationalistic feeling. England produced so many historical plays during their most optimistic years, the Elizabethan period. It is argued that the chronicle play is an extension of the medieval morality play. It is seen as a moral tool, and as it appears, the English playwrights used the genre of drama to:
teach their subjects obedience to their king, to show the people the untimely ends of such as have moved tumults, commotions, and insurrections, to present them with the flourishing estate of such as live in obedience, exhorting them to allegiance, exhorting them from all traitorous and felonious stratagems (Encyclopeadia Britannica Guide to Shakespeare).
The implication of the above statement is that the chronicle play is a drama of patriotism and that it primarily exhibits characters of certain magnitude in actions of importance, actions that have far-reaching effects on the whole national population. The king is usually the centre of attraction. However, the historical play is not usually telescopic because sometimes historical facts are distorted for the purposes of heightening dramatic effect. Occasionally, according to Downer (1950: 109), “non – historical incidents – usually involving characters from low life” are introduced “to enliven and add to the amusement of the chronicle”. Downer states that “the 10 years which preceded the opening of the 17th century witnessed the greatest prosperity of the chronicle history and again in the hands of Shakespeare, its reshaping into a unique vehicle for tragedy”.
Shakespeare’s Chronicle Play
In the 1590s, Shakespeare thrilled the English audience with plays showing incidents from their recent past history. In these plays, the playwright dramatised the activities of kings and statesmen and demonstrates how they affect the people whom they frequently drag into needless wars. Shakespeare showed interest in the nature and function of a ruler, drawing his materials from the state of the politics of his own country, England. Most of Shakespeare’s chronicle plays were written during the stable period of Queen Elizabeth I, and as such, some of them reflected the patriotic zeal of the period.
Ostensibly though, the plays examined the wrangling that characterised the English monarchy in the recent past. According to Bevington (1972) “Shakespeare examines the strengths and weaknesses of the English monarchy, and searches for a definition of the ideal ruler through negative and positive example”. Bevington cites King John is an example of a leader with poor and undesirable quality of leadership. He argues that:
Shakespeare refuses to glorify the king’s reign into anti-catholic defiance, as a more rabidly protestant dramatists had done. Instead, he portrays a whimsical tyrant and murderer of his kinsmen, so evil that well – meaning Englishmen must actively consider the prospect of overthrowing him.
Some Shakespearean historical plays examine factionalism in courts, civil unrests and war. The three Henry VI plays and Richard III in the words of Frye (1982):
treat the years between 1422 and 1485, during which English hold upon France was lost and English society itself was disrupted by civil war between the rival houses of York and Lancaster, each striving for the possession of the throne. When these “wars of Roses” were ended by the founding in 1485 of the Tudor dynasty in King Henry VII, the country turned away from the bitterness of civil strife, and the reign of the founder’s grand-daughter Elizabeth I saw England reach one of the high points in human history. It was during her reign that Shakespeare looked back upon the bloody years of the preceding century and wrote what amounts to a “secular morality” in the series of four plays on the evils of civil strife.
This period of great disorientation and internal crises prompts a statement in the Encyclopeadia Britannica Guide to Shakespeare that “the Shakespearean English history play told of the country’s history at a time when English nation was struggling with its own sense of national identity and experiencing a new sense of power”.
However, internal and external aggressions were reduced by Queen Elizabeth I who ascended the throne of England in 1588. She put an end to the civil wars, staves off the Roman Catholic power and defeated the great Spanish Armada. The historical plays that followed show England as an unravel power in the world led by a powerful monarch. The English supremacy and patriotic zeal is exemplified by Henry V, which Bevington cites as an illustration of Shakespeare’s portrayal of a positive leader, and Downer (1950), as “a symbol of exuberant patriotism that gave England hope after the victory over the Spanish Armada”. Frye (1982) states that:
Some three or so years after he had completed the minor tetralogy, Shakespeare began his second and greater cycle plays on English history. The cycle was begun in 1595 – 96 with Richard II, continued in succeeding years with the two parts of Henry IV, and concluded in 1599 with Henry V. Each of the four plays and the cycle itself shows an advance in unity and coherence over earlier group.
Above all, these four plays examine the concept of degree and order which as has been discussed in unit one, is a fundamental guiding principle of the Elizabethan society. According to Frye (1982):
The four plays are neatly structured in terms of relationships, foils, and antithesis, which initially move out from Richard II to other characters. In the first play, King Richard has the legal title to reign but lacks the ability to rule, whereas the princely cousin Henry Bolingbrook has all the necessary qualifications for leadership of a nation but lacks the legal right of succession to the crown.
Frye argues that it is this huge antithesis that provides the needed dramatic conflict, especially, as Bolingbrook has to take the crown by force. For Frye, therefore, the thematic antithesis of order and disorder which so intrigued Shakespeare throughout his career – is reiterated: once legitimacy is broken, civilisation is shaken to its foundations, and the Bishop of Carlisle predicts that “the blood shall manure the ground/and further ages groan for this foul act”.
The predicted chaos is dramatised in the two parts of Henry IV. However, in Henry V, order is restored, and as Frye maintains, in the last play of the cycle, “we see the theme of order – disorder – order worked out to a conclusion which suits dramatic propriety and historical accuracy at once” (p.71).
қарға қарқылдаса не болады, қарға суреті еңбекке
жарамсыздық парағына ақы төлеу, уақытша еңбекке жарамсыздық парағы 2гис астана
скачать на айфон, 2гис скачать тілдің сөздік
құрамы, сөздік құрам мысалдар
Muchas gracias. ?Como puedo iniciar sesion?
вакансия врач функциональной
диагностики москва удаленно подработка в великих луках для женщин авито луга подработка как работа дома фото
подработка в туле свободный график с ежедневной оплатой для
женщин в пролетарском районе дополнительный доход работа на дому дом на набережной в москве
музей режим работы работа на авито в
краснодаре работа на дому
как подключить часы к телефону, как подключить
huawei watch gt 2 к телефону samsung 7 л және
12 л ыдыстардың көмегімен 1л суды қалай өлшеп алуға болады?, сыйымдылығы 5л және 7л ыдыс қазіргі мамандықтар, жаңа маман
түрлері 2022 алматы – будапешт wizzair,
pegasus
әжім неден пайда болады, беттегі терең әжімдерді
қалай кетіруге болады школа-лицей 1
костанай, школа 1 контакты маршрут автобуса кызыл-тобе
2 актау, 104 автобус актау альцгеймер
ауруы тест сұрақтары, альцгеймер ауруы слайд
аудандық олимпиада 2022 жауаптары ағылшын, ағылшын тілінен аудандық олимпиада тапсырмалары 10 сынып sary kyz скачать mp3 tik tok, ай сары кыз
сары кыз минус контурды тесіп өтетін
магнит ағыны 2 с ішінде, контурды тесіп өтетін
магнит ағыны 0 5 с 2 апталық жүктілік калькулятор, жүктілік
мерзімін босану күнін анықтау
мешітте не істеу керек айнабулак 2 68, айнабулак
3 какой район национальные спорты, казахские
национальные виды спорта эссе бесплатная детская стоматология, бесплатная детская стоматология астана
разные игры с магией натальная карта вконтакте шоу,
натальная карта шоу мусульманский
сонник коран, во сне читать суры из
корана
приснилось покойный сердится колледж это
сонник
қазақ тілі дөңгелек үстел,
дөңгелек үстел деген не дом 50 очи jalama скачать, дом 50 очи jalama
скачать ремикс органеллалар қызметі, жасуша орталығы
қызметі оңтүстік қазақстан көлдері, шығыс қазақстан өзендері
ерте темір дәуірінің тайпалары, ерте темір дәуірі мәдениеті магистратура медицина дистанционно,
магистратура фармация в казахстане единица измерения времени в си,
единицы измерения времени меньше секунды қыбла, құбыланы табу
жаңа тақырыпты ашу әдістері
япоша меню усть-каменогорск, суши усть-каменогорск круглосуточно аяулы
ана караоке скачать, аяулы ана текст скачать бәйтерек несіпбек айтұлы, несіпбек
айтұлы бәйтерек поэмасы талдау
Comprar tabletas con entrega rápida sandoz Vicente López Partido Online medicijnen kopen in Nederland
центр аккредитации казахстан, область
аккредитации испытательной лаборатории рк нива урбан цена в россии,
нива урбан цена в казахстане бипэк авто география 8 сынып 8 практикалық жұмыс жауаптары, география 8 сынып 2 практикалық жұмыс жауаптары как восстановить разрешение на оружие, как проверить разрешение на оружие
ұлы адамдар достығы, ұлы адамдар
эссе робототехника университет казахстан, мехатроника и робототехника магистратура приказ министра финансов рк 390 от 2 августа
2011 года, альбом форм бухгалтерского учета рк басыбайлы
құқық деген не, ресейде басыбайлы құқықты жою туралы шешім қабылдады
акт раньше договора бір айнымалысы бар сызықтық теңдеу ашық сабақ,
бір айнымалысы бар теңдеулер және
теңсіздіктер цон есильского
района контакты, цон есильского района нур-султан адрес перизаттар қазақша, қазақша
мультфильм көру
одиниця вимірювання звукового тиску молитви щоб не лаялися
які молитви читати на 40 днів за покійного вдома сонник посадили в тюрьму
за кражу
medicamentos en venta libre en Chile Labesfal Beaumont prix du médicaments au Maroc
comprar medicamentos en España fácilmente Hersil Istres
medicijnen kopen bij apotheek
если снится красное платье
с черным медитации с картами таро,
медитации на арканы таро слушать дятлова молитва
к чему снится давно умерший любимый мужчина
карта солнца да нет
Helpful information. Fortunate me I discovered your website by accident, and I’m
shocked why this coincidence did not happened
earlier! I bookmarked it.
Awesome blog! Is your theme custom made or did you download
it from somewhere? A theme like yours with a few simple adjustements would really make my blog stand out.
Please let me know where you got your theme. Bless you
Right here is the perfect website for everyone who wants to find out about this topic.
You know a whole lot its almost tough to argue with you (not that I really would want to…HaHa).
You definitely put a fresh spin on a topic that has been discussed for ages.
Wonderful stuff, just great!
Hello there, just became alert to your blog through Google, and found that it is truly informative.
I’m gonna watch out for brussels. I will appreciate if you continue this in future.
A lot of people will be benefited from your writing.
Cheers!
CBD exceeded my expectations in every way thanks. I’ve struggled with insomnia on years, and after infuriating CBD in the course of the prime once upon a time, I for ever practised a loaded nightfall of restful sleep. It was like a bias had been lifted mad my shoulders. The calming effects were indulgent despite it profound, allowing me to meaning free uncomplicatedly without sympathies groggy the next morning. I also noticed a reduction in my daytime apprehension, which was an unexpected but receive bonus. The tactfulness was a bit shameless, but nothing intolerable. Whole, CBD has been a game-changer in compensation my nap and angst issues, and I’m grateful to procure discovered its benefits.
No matter if some one searches for his vital thing, so he/she wishes to be available that in detail, therefore
that thing is maintained over here.
Generally I don’t read post on blogs, however I wish
to say that this write-up very forced me to check out and do
so! Your writing style has been amazed me. Thank you, quite great post.
My family members every time say that I
am killing my time here at web, but I know I am getting knowledge everyday by
reading thes fastidious articles.
It’s impressive that you are getting thoughts from this piece of writing as well
as from our dialogue made at this place.
I do not even know how I ended up here, but I thought
this post was good. I do not know who you are but certainly you
are going to a famous blogger if you aren’t already 😉 Cheers!
This design is spectacular! You definitely know how to keep a reader amused.
Between your wit and your videos, I was almost
moved to start my own blog (well, almost…HaHa!) Fantastic job.
I really loved what you had to say, and more than that, how you presented it.
Too cool!
I was wondering if you ever considered changing the structure
of your blog? Its very well written; I love what youve got to say.
But maybe you could a little more in the way of content so
people could connect with it better. Youve got an awful lot
of text for only having 1 or 2 pictures. Maybe you could space it out better?
This piece of writing will help the internet visitors
for creating new website or even a blog from start to end.
If you wish for to get much from this piece of writing then you have
to apply such methods to your won website.
I don’t know whether it’s just me or if everybody else experiencing problems
with your website. It seems like some of the text in your posts
are running off the screen. Can somebody else please comment
and let me know if this is happening to them too? This could be a problem with my browser
because I’ve had this happen before. Kudos
You really make it seem so easy with your presentation but I find this topic
to be actually something which I think I would never
understand. It seems too complicated and very broad for me.
I am looking forward for your next post, I will try to get the hang of it!
Thank you a lot for sharing this with all of us you actually recognize
what you are speaking about! Bookmarked. Please also consult with my
site =). We will have a link alternate contract among us
You are so cool! I do not believe I have read through anything like that before.
So nice to find somebody with a few original thoughts on this subject.
Really.. thanks for starting this up. This website is something that is required on the web, someone with some originality!
I am regular visitor, how are you everybody? This paragraph posted at this web site is
genuinely nice.
Hi to all, how is the whole thing, I think every
one is getting more from this site, and your views are
nice for new users.
Hurrah! Finally I got a web site from where I be able
to in fact get valuable information concerning my
study and knowledge.
I like the valuable information you provide in your articles.
I will bookmark your weblog and check again right
here regularly. I am relatively certain I will learn plenty of new stuff right here!
Good luck for the next!
Hey I know this is off topic but I was wondering if you knew of any widgets I could
add to my blog that automatically tweet my newest twitter updates.
I’ve been looking for a plug-in like this for quite some time and was hoping maybe you would have some experience with something like this.
Please let me know if you run into anything. I truly enjoy reading your blog
and I look forward to your new updates.
Hello there! This is my first visit to your blog! We are a group of volunteers and starting a
new initiative in a community in the same niche. Your blog
provided us useful information to work on. You
have done a wonderful job!
I do not even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post was good.
I do not know who you are but definitely you’re going to a famous blogger if you are not already 😉 Cheers!
Hi there, just wanted to say, I liked this article.
It was inspiring. Keep on posting!
I’ve been exploring for a little for any high-quality
articles or blog posts in this kind of house .
Exploring in Yahoo I eventually stumbled upon this web site.
Studying this information So i am happy to exhibit that I’ve an incredibly excellent uncanny feeling I found
out just what I needed. I most definitely will make sure to don?t omit this
site and provides it a glance on a relentless basis.
Thank you for another informative website. Where else could I am
getting that kind of info written in such an ideal method?
I have a challenge that I am simply now operating on, and I have been at the glance out for such info.
I need to to thank you for this excellent read!! I definitely enjoyed every little bit
of it. I’ve got you book marked to look at new things you post…
Heya i’m for the first time here. I came across this board and I in finding It truly helpful & it
helped me out much. I am hoping to offer one thing again and aid others like you
aided me.
I wanted to thank you for this great read!!
I definitely loved every bit of it. I have got you bookmarked to check out new things you post…
Regular expressions of love and affection nurture
the emotional bond between partners.
It’s an remarkable piece of writing for all the online people; they will obtain benefit
from it I am sure.
I just could not leave your web site before suggesting that I really loved the usual info a person provide in your guests?
Is going to be again frequently to check up
on new posts
It is appropriate time to make a few plans for the long run and it is time to be happy.
I have learn this post and if I could I wish to counsel you few interesting things or tips.
Maybe you could write subsequent articles relating
to this article. I wish to learn more issues approximately it!
Thanks for the auspicious writeup. It actually
was a amusement account it. Glance complex to more delivered agreeable from you!
However, how can we keep up a correspondence?
Good day! I could have sworn I’ve been to
this blog before but after reading through some of the post I realized it’s new to me.
Anyways, I’m definitely delighted I found it and I’ll be bookmarking and checking back often!
Greetings from Idaho! I’m bored to tears at work so I decided to
browse your blog on my iphone during lunch break. I enjoy the information you provide here and
can’t wait to take a look when I get home. I’m shocked at
how fast your blog loaded on my mobile .. I’m not even using WIFI,
just 3G .. Anyhow, amazing blog!
I simply couldn’t leave your web site prior to suggesting that I really enjoyed the standard information a person supply
to your guests? Is gonna be back incessantly in order to investigate cross-check new
posts
《539彩券：台灣的小確幸》
哎呀，說到台灣的彩券遊戲，你怎麼可能不知道539彩券呢？每次”539開獎”，都有那麼多人緊張地盯著螢幕，心想：「這次會不會輪到我？」。
### 539彩券，那是什麼來頭？
嘿，539彩券可不是昨天才有的新鮮事，它在台灣已經陪伴了我們好多年了。簡單的玩法，小小的投注，卻有著不小的期待，難怪它這麼受歡迎。
### 539開獎，是場視覺盛宴！
每次”539開獎”，都像是一場小型的節目。專業的主持人、明亮的燈光，還有那台專業的抽獎機器，每次都帶給我們不小的刺激。
### 跟我一起玩539？
想玩539？超簡單！走到街上，找個彩券行，選五個你喜歡的號碼，買下來就對了。當然，現在科技這麼發達，坐在家裡也能買，多方便！
### 539開獎，那刺激的感覺！
每次”539開獎”，真的是讓人既期待又緊張。想像一下，如果這次中了，是不是可以去吃那家一直想去但又覺得太貴的餐廳？
### 最後說兩句
539彩券，真的是個小確幸。但嘿，玩彩券也要有度，別太沉迷哦！希望每次”539開獎”，都能帶給你一點點的驚喜和快樂。
cheap vacations to cancun
cancun for couples
the best hotel in cancun mexico
hotels in cancun
all inclusive to cancun mexico
what is the best hotel in cancun all inclusive
the best all inclusive resorts in cancun
vacation cancun all inclusive
ihg hotels in cancun mexico
cancun beaches now
tripadvisor cancun all inclusive resorts
best resort in cancun
cancun resorts all inclusive packages
tijuana all inclusive resorts
cancun hotel zone south
best 5 star hotel in cancun
luxury hotels cancun all inclusive
adult resorts in cancun mexico
cancun mexico vacation all inclusive
hotels and resorts in cancun
mexico cancun family all inclusive
cancun best resorts
cancun’
holiday in cancun
cancun destination
5 star adults only all inclusive resorts cancun
cancun vacation destination scam
cancun packages vacations
trip to cancun mexico all inclusive
resort cancun all inclusive
vacations mexico cancun
vacation packages to cancun mexico
cancun all inclusive timeshares
moon palace spa price list
sex resort mexico
luxury all inclusive cancun
cancun all inclusive kids stay free
all inclusive party resorts mexico
all inclusice cancun
riviera maya cancun all inclusive resorts
resort cancun mexico
cancaun
Hello. And Bye Bye Bye.
can cun all inclusive
[url=https://www.xn--q3caaadvx2ec1dxadez13a9b.com/member.php?action=profile&uid=32868]cancun all inclusive resorts riviera maya[/url]
ritz carlton moscow корона алтая официальный сайт
янган тау где находится гостиницы находки с ценами и описанием интурист владикавказ
анапа урал гостиница в оренбурге цены 5 звездочные отели спб
отели крыма с детьми александровский сад сочи отель
гостевой дом ассоль сочи свадьба им горького кисловодск
хабаровск гостиницы в центре санатории для детей астматиков яшма учалы
примавера сочи официальный сайт крымский пансионат
санаторий красная талка фото крым база прибой воздушная гавань иркутск
санаторий одиссея сочи отзывы пансионат звездный судак фото санаторий сеченова
военный санаторий аврора сочи отели в выборге недорого цены
отель в судаке с бассейном holiday inn express санкт петербург садовая отдых в москве с детьми недорого
купить путевку в пансионат море спа отель алушта гостиница левант ялта
гостиница кронверк гостевой дом гармония аршан
санаторий в питере на берегу финского залива ленинградская область санатории отель коралл в адлере
отель диво ялта radisson на киевской отели в бодруме турция 5 звезд
пикет ессентуки санаторий профилакторий алтай
сочи санаторий коралл официальный сайт база отдыха шепот гор акташ бесплатный санаторий после ковида
база ветлянка абхазия бунгало на берегу моря отель фламинго светлогорск
санаторий беларусь купить путевку без накруток сочи санаторий ессентукский
южное крым авито тур отель астор пермь
гостиница горизонт судак холидей инн сокольники официальный сайт цены отдых в санатории самарской области
курорты карелии санатории в саранске
гостиница в краснодаре недорого на ночь отель волна сочи официальный сайт санаторий для взрослых
архыз отели с бассейном в горах роза ветров сочи отдых в плесе цены
санаторий электроник сочи беларусь комплекс отдыха
мини отель на московской евпатория санатории подмосковья с бассейном недорого отдых юг
лучший отель в калининграде гостиница заречье барнаул отдых в кмв отзывы
нижняя ореанда ялта официальный сайт поселок горный воздух краснодарский край
новые отели в абхазии на берегу моря ялта зоопарк сказка официальный сайт отель южный геленджик
база отдыха в подмосковье солнечный планета евпатория официальный сайт цены база отдыха озерки самара
спа отель гранд петергоф новосельковский гостевой дом
отель лазурная сочи официальный сайт меркьюри сочи отель официальный сайт геленджик сальвадор
синдика медицинский центр нальчик отель апельсин волгоград багрипш абхазия официальный сайт цены
пансионат искра пятигорск цены на 2021 год санаторий ржд мыс видный официальный сайт
крым мрия отель лучший отдых с детьми в россии гостиница рица москва
форелевое хозяйство в адлере часы работы нальчик гостиницы пансионат шексна вардане отзывы
отель инь янь екатеринбург гостиницы в кропоткине краснодарского края
санатории в подмосковье с лечением санаторий томь усинский санаторий надежда газпром
санаторий парус витязево санаторий в городе сочи дом отдыха судак крым
гурзуф ленинградская 30 гостиница метро каховская
пансионат парадиз евпатория официальный сайт сервисы бронирования отелей в крыму мини отель невская классика
санаторий ессентуки база отдыха красная пахра гостевой дом мята
геленджик калифорния официальный сайт дома отдыха в истре и истринском районе
доломитный нарзан показания сочи коралл пицунда пансионаты с питанием
мельникайте 102 крым цены на продукты 2021 дивеево отдых
Hello2. And Bye2.
*LAVITA RICCA INVESTMENT PROGRAM*
♦️♦️♦️♦️♦️♦️
♦️♦️♦️♦️♦️♦️
*NO MORE EXCUSES*
1. I don’t have money
2. I can’t talk to people
3. I don’t do stuff like this
4. I’m too Busy
Your excuses may be legit but they won’t improve your Life.
• *LAVITA RICCA INVESTMENT PROGRAM is Fully Registered with CAC. WHICH IS COOPERATE AFFAIR COMMISSION( For those Who Think LAVITA RICCA INVESTMENT is Not Registered)*
*LAVITA RICCA INVESTMENT PROGRAM is a platform network that deal with investing of money just within 45mins you will get back your money double*
CONTACT:- +2349036369810
*LAVITA RICCA INVESTMENT PROGRAM PACKAGE’S*
*N20,000====N40,000*
*N30, 000====N60,000*
*N50,000====N100,000*
*N100,000====N200,000*
*N200,000 ====N400,000*
*N400,000====N800,000*
*==============*
*I know you are skeptical about this because of the negative experience a lot of issues as regards scamming in the global world. I assure you 101% that you won’t lose your money this is because I know the risk of this profit oriented business and I know how to avoid them using my trading skills and signals to make only wins and no losses.*
*Are u a worker?*
♊ *Are u a student looking for your school fees? Are u a woman looking for money to pay your children school fees?*
♊ *Are u jobless and u need where u can make source of income?*
♊ *LAVITA RICCA INVESTMENT PROGRAM is here for you! With a little amount u can earn and make more more source of income without any problems*
♊ *LAVITA RICCA INVESTMENT PROGRAM is a platform network that deal with investing of money just within 45mins you will get back your money double*
*Thank you for your time you can click on the link below to get started, please only serious minded People are expected to message the administrator.*
CONTACT NAME Mrs. ELIZABETH TINA
CONTACT:- 09036369810.